EMR Review of Cost-Effectiveness
A literature search was conducted using PubMed with keywords “EMR” OR “electronic medical records” OR “EHR” OR “electronic health records” AND “cost-effectiveness” The search was restricted to 10 years from 2012 to 2022. Ten years is an arbitrary period to include only recent studies. There were 827 potential articles. The following inclusion criteria were applied: clinical trials, meta-analysis, or review, and systematic reviews were selected. This identified 278 results. After review, articles which did not focus on EMR or EHR and cost-effectiveness were excluded from the review. Only nine articles which focused on EMR or EHR and cost-effectiveness were selected for the review.
Reis et al.[1] did an overview of systematic reviews on EMR. This study was not able to draw any conclusion about cost-effectiveness. This is due to the mixed and inconclusive results of the primary studies. Most of the systematic reviews included in this review did not evaluate cost-effectiveness.
A study of cost–benefit analysis by Li et al.[17] indicates positive financial returns from using an EMR system.
The main benefits were the reduction in the time spent on creating a new medical record, decreased full-time employment of workers in the records section and other departments, and enhanced billing revenues.
However, there were individual reports and studies regarding the cost-effectiveness of EMR.
Wiggins and Fridl[6] reported that EMR could produce financial benefits in certain ophthalmology practices over 5 years. Wang et al.[18] concluded that implementing EMR systems in primary care can financially benefit health-care organizations.
The EMR at the tertiary hospital was cost-effective, as reported by Choi et al.[7] Bar- Dayan et al.[8] reported financial benefits by including a list of preferred specialists list to the existing EMR system. A financial analysis by Schmitt et al.[9] points out that the anticipated benefits are much more than the implementation and maintenance cost of EMR. The cost benefits of the EMR could be due to various factors, including reallocation of the workforce, streamlining of the work process, effective documentation, access to information, and effective billing claims.
Adler-Milstein et al.[19] showed that 27% of practices had a positive return on investment, especially when the target was to increase revenue. Moore et al.[11] pointed out that the survey may not have considered the likely changes in the payment methods (e.g., value-based system payments).
Systemic review[1] was inconclusive about the cost-effectiveness of EMR. Authors feel that some studies [6-81718] have endorsed the cost-effectiveness of EMR.
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